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Malus sylvestris
''Malus sylvestris'', the European crab apple, is a species of the genus ''Malus'', native to Europe. Its scientific name means "forest apple", and the truly wild tree has thorns.
==Progenitor of cultivated apples==
In the past, ''M. sylvestris'' was thought to be the most important ancestor of the cultivated apple (''M. domestica''), which has since been shown to have been originally derived from the central Asian species ''M. sieversii''.〔Velasco R., Zharkikh A., Affourtit J. et al., The genome of the domesticated apple (''Malus'' × ''domestica'' Borkh.) ''Nature Genetics'', 2010, 42, 10, 833〕 However, another recent DNA analysis〔Coart, E., Van Glabeke, S., De Loose, M., Larsen, A.S., Roldán-Ruiz, I. 2006. Chloroplast diversity in the genus ''Malus'': new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple (''Malus sylvestris'' (L.) Mill.) and the domesticated apple (''Malus domestica'' Borkh.). ''Mol. Ecol.'' 15(8): 2171-82.〕 confirms that ''M. sylvestris'' has contributed significantly to the genome.
The study found that secondary introgression from other species of the ''Malus'' genus has greatly shaped the genome of ''M. domestica'', with ''M. sylvestris'' being the largest secondary contributor. It also found that current populations of ''M. domestica'' are more closely related to ''M. sylvestris'' than to ''M. sieversii''. However, in more pure strains of ''M. domestica'' the ''M. sieversii'' ancestry still predominates.
The flowers are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by insects.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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